The Simple Past Tense/Belirli Geçmiþ Zaman

Cümle Yapýsý
Olumlu cümle :
Özne + fiil 2 + nesne

Olumsuz cümle :
Özne + ( - did ) + not + fiil + nesne

Soru cümlesi :
( - did ) + özne + fiil + nesne

Türkçedeki karþýlýðý - di'li geçmiþ zamandýr.Belirli geçmiþ zamaný anlatýr.


1- Geçmiþte birbirinin peþisýra olmuþ eylem ve olaylarý anlatmak için ( past actions which happened one immediately after the other )

Örnek ( example ) : She woke up , got out of bed and made a cup of coffee.

2- Geçmiþteki alýþkanlýk ya da durumlarý anlatmak için ( past habit or state )

Örnek ( example ) : He rode his bike to school every day when he was a child .

3- Geçmiþte sadece sözle belirtilmiþ yada ima edilmiþ , günümüzle baðlantýsý bulunmayan olaylarý anlatmak için ( complete past actions not connected to the present with a stated or implied time reference )

The Simple Past Tense için sýklýkla kullanýlan zarflar :
yesterday , last week etc. , ( how long ) ago ,then , just now, when , in 1993 etc.

The Past Continuous Tense

Cümle Yapýsý
Olumlu cümle :
özne + ( - was / were ) + fiil + ( - ing ) + nesne

Olumsuz cümle :
özne + ( - was / were ) + not + fiil + ( - ing ) + nesne

Soru cümlesi :
( - was / were ) + özne + fiil + ( - ing ) + nesne

Türkçedeki karþýlýðý yoktur. Geçmiste süreklilik göstermis ve sona ermiþ hareketi gösterir.

1- Belirli bir geçmiþ zamanda oluþ süreci nin tam ortasýndaki olay yada eylemleri anlatmak için ( action in the middle of happening at a state past time )

Örnek ( example ) : This time last week I was travelling across Africa.

2- Oluþu sýrasýnda baþka bir geçmiþ eylem tarafýndan müdahale edilen geçmiþteki bir eylemi anlatmak için( past action in progress interrupted by another past action.)

Past Continuous taki eylem ne kadar uzunsa , Past Simple daki eylem o kadar kýsa olur (The longer action is in the past continuous ,the shorter action is in the past simple )

Örnek ( example ) : I was taking a shower when I heard the telephone ring.

3- Belirli bir zamn süresini kapsayan ve ayný anda gerçekleþmiþ bir veya daha fazla eþzamanlý eylemi anlatmak için (two or more simultaneous past actions of certain duration )

Örnek ( example ) : I was washing up while he was drying the dishes.


Past Perfect Tense

Cümle Yapýsý
Olumlu cümle :
özne + had + fiil 3 + nesne

Olumsuz cümle :
özne + had + not + fiil 3 + nesne

Soru cümlesi :
had + özne + fiil 3 + nesne


Çoðunlukla yazý dilinde yani edebiyatta kullanýlan bir tense dir.Konuþma dilinde genellikle kullanýlmaz.Geçmiþ zamanýn hikayesi olarak adlandýrýlýr.Türkçedeki karþýlýðý - miþ 'li geçmiþ zamandýr.

1- Geçmiþte hangi eylemin diðerinden önce olduðunu belirtmek ya da hangi eylemin hangi durumdan önce olduðunu belirtmek için ( past action which occured before another action or before a stated past time )

Örnek ( example ) : By his second day at camp he had made several friends.

2- Geçmiþte eylemin tamamlayýcýsý olarak ortaya çýkan gözle görülebilir sonuçlarý anlatmak için ( complete past action which had visible results in the past )

Örnek ( example ) : She felt much safer after she had locked all the doors.

3- Present Perfect in geçmiþ eþdeðeri olarak Past Perfect kullanýlýr ( the Past Perfect is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect )

Örnek ( example ) : The room was empty - everyone had gone out.

Past Perfect Tense için sýklýkla kullanýlan zarflar :
for , since , already ,after , just , never , yet , before , by , by the time etc.


Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Cümle Yapýsý

Olumlu cümle :
özne + had been + fiil + ( - ing ) + nesne

Olumsuz cümle :
özne + had + not + been + fiil + ( - ing ) + nesne

Soru cümlesi :
had + özne + been + fiil + ( - ing ) + nesne

1- Geçmiþte belirli bir zaman içinde devam eden eylemler anlatmak için( action continuing over a period up to a spesific time in the past )

Örnek ( example ) : She had been saving for a when year before she bought her ticket to Roma.

2-( past action of certain duration which had visible results in the past )

Örnek ( example ) : He had been shouting so loudly that he had a sore throat.

3- Present Continuous un geçmiþ eþdeðeri Past Perfect Continuous tur.( the Past Perfect Continuous is the past equivalent of the Present Continuous )

Örnek ( example ) : The party was a great success because he had been preparing for it all week.